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	<title>Comments on: The coloring of visited links</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/</link>
	<description>Web development and Internet trends</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2008 11:39:02 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Robert Nyman</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-103223</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert Nyman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Sep 2007 15:02:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-103223</guid>
		<description>Kenneth,

Thanks for your input!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Kenneth,</p>
<p>Thanks for your input!</p>
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		<title>By: Kenneth Sundqvist (Evil Oatmeal)</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-103193</link>
		<dc:creator>Kenneth Sundqvist (Evil Oatmeal)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Sep 2007 14:28:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-103193</guid>
		<description>Links are one of the things in web design where I absolutely put function before form any time (that I can), and I pity anyone who doesn't.

I can't even begin to imagine how many times I've cursed the person making the decision to not style visited links in the body or a list navigation &#8212; or set the link colour so close to the text colour that they can only be spotted by the underline (you included, Robert). And a completely different hue is terrible too &#8212; like :link is green and :visited is red!

Visited links should be set in a duller look than its not visited state, as it's proven to be the easiest to understand (according to a study which I can't locate now). If you don't want a desaturated and brighter variant of your link colour you can use a neighbouring colour to achieve the dulled look (such as the classical blue to darker purple).

Locating links and understanding them should not be something that your visitor has to think about, but sadly link styling is one of the worst skills amongst web designers (amateurs and pros alike).

Recommended reading: &lt;a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20040510.html" title="Article from 2004 on how to style links by Jakob Nielsen, on www.useit.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;Guidelines for Visualizing Links, by Jakob Nielsen in 2004&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Links are one of the things in web design where I absolutely put function before form any time (that I can), and I pity anyone who doesn&#8217;t.</p>
<p>I can&#8217;t even begin to imagine how many times I&#8217;ve cursed the person making the decision to not style visited links in the body or a list navigation &mdash; or set the link colour so close to the text colour that they can only be spotted by the underline (you included, Robert). And a completely different hue is terrible too &mdash; like :link is green and :visited is red!</p>
<p>Visited links should be set in a duller look than its not visited state, as it&#8217;s proven to be the easiest to understand (according to a study which I can&#8217;t locate now). If you don&#8217;t want a desaturated and brighter variant of your link colour you can use a neighbouring colour to achieve the dulled look (such as the classical blue to darker purple).</p>
<p>Locating links and understanding them should not be something that your visitor has to think about, but sadly link styling is one of the worst skills amongst web designers (amateurs and pros alike).</p>
<p>Recommended reading: <a href="http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20040510.html" title="Article from 2004 on how to style links by Jakob Nielsen, on <a href="http://www.useit.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.useit.com</a>&#8221; rel=&#8221;nofollow&#8221;>Guidelines for Visualizing Links, by Jakob Nielsen in 2004.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert Nyman</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98751</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert Nyman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 20:22:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98751</guid>
		<description>Thanks everyone for great and thought-worthy comments, and also for (I think) new/seldom commenters adding their thoughts! I wrote the post in a somewhat provocatively manner, because I hoped that you would defend different coloring for visited links.

I agree that there are cases when it is indeed a good thing, but other situations where it doesn't help at all. And, as all seem to agree about, this goes for links in the copy text and such cases. Changed color in a web site's navigation would just be weird in almost all cases.

I've noticed the strike-through examples and tick images following visited links too, and I like the creativity (although strike-through can, &lt;a href="http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98568" rel="nofollow"&gt;as displayed by Ross&lt;/a&gt; above, become very unfit).

And yes, just slight color changes for visited links, usually gray-ish, can actually look good and help the visitor.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks everyone for great and thought-worthy comments, and also for (I think) new/seldom commenters adding their thoughts! I wrote the post in a somewhat provocatively manner, because I hoped that you would defend different coloring for visited links.</p>
<p>I agree that there are cases when it is indeed a good thing, but other situations where it doesn&#8217;t help at all. And, as all seem to agree about, this goes for links in the copy text and such cases. Changed color in a web site&#8217;s navigation would just be weird in almost all cases.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve noticed the strike-through examples and tick images following visited links too, and I like the creativity (although strike-through can, <a href="http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98568" rel="nofollow">as displayed by Ross</a> above, become very unfit).</p>
<p>And yes, just slight color changes for visited links, usually gray-ish, can actually look good and help the visitor.</p>
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		<title>By: Megan</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98646</link>
		<dc:creator>Megan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 13:32:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98646</guid>
		<description>I like grey for visited links too (#666 usually). I think it is important for users to know where they have been, especially on a large site. I rarely use them on navigation menus but always in body text. There are many cases, as mentioned above, where users may not know (for sure) that they have already visited a particular link. It also saves a little cognitive effort in remembering which links have been clicked.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I like grey for visited links too (#666 usually). I think it is important for users to know where they have been, especially on a large site. I rarely use them on navigation menus but always in body text. There are many cases, as mentioned above, where users may not know (for sure) that they have already visited a particular link. It also saves a little cognitive effort in remembering which links have been clicked.</p>
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		<title>By: Eric Shepherd</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98638</link>
		<dc:creator>Eric Shepherd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 13:14:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98638</guid>
		<description>I have been using gray for visited links lately - it doesn't distract from the color scheme of the site, and it's more clear than a slight desaturation of the primary link color. Leave the rest of the treatment the same - underline, bold, etc. I think cnn.com is doing this now, and I find it pretty helpful.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have been using gray for visited links lately - it doesn&#8217;t distract from the color scheme of the site, and it&#8217;s more clear than a slight desaturation of the primary link color. Leave the rest of the treatment the same - underline, bold, etc. I think cnn.com is doing this now, and I find it pretty helpful.</p>
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		<title>By: Gerben</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98609</link>
		<dc:creator>Gerben</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 11:46:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98609</guid>
		<description>I think browser need to change the way they store visited links. If a page is viewed for only 2 seconds before the back-button was clicked, browsers shouldn't store this page in their history. 

Visited links are very useful on social network sites like magnolia and digg. This way if you've already visited the page via one site, you don't have to spend any clicks on it at the other site.

But for most business sites I think you're right that they don't add very much.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think browser need to change the way they store visited links. If a page is viewed for only 2 seconds before the back-button was clicked, browsers shouldn&#8217;t store this page in their history. </p>
<p>Visited links are very useful on social network sites like magnolia and digg. This way if you&#8217;ve already visited the page via one site, you don&#8217;t have to spend any clicks on it at the other site.</p>
<p>But for most business sites I think you&#8217;re right that they don&#8217;t add very much.</p>
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		<title>By: Matthew Pennell</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98574</link>
		<dc:creator>Matthew Pennell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 09:26:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98574</guid>
		<description>I agree with Tommy and Andy - I'm always using the visited link style to remember which result in a Google search I actually went to, or to quickly scan forum posts to see which I haven't read yet. It's also useful when surfing blogs - when something new has been released and everyone is linking to it, I can immediately tell whether or not I need to follow the link, or if I've seen it already.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I agree with Tommy and Andy - I&#8217;m always using the visited link style to remember which result in a Google search I actually went to, or to quickly scan forum posts to see which I haven&#8217;t read yet. It&#8217;s also useful when surfing blogs - when something new has been released and everyone is linking to it, I can immediately tell whether or not I need to follow the link, or if I&#8217;ve seen it already.</p>
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		<title>By: Ross Bruniges</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98568</link>
		<dc:creator>Ross Bruniges</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 09:06:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98568</guid>
		<description>Personally I don't think that striked links are a good idea. Imagine that you return to a site thats full of links looking for a specific one that you liked.

&lt;strike&gt;I would think that it would be rather difficult to work out which the good one is because you can't really read the text.&lt;/strike&gt;

Get the idea :&#62;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Personally I don&#8217;t think that striked links are a good idea. Imagine that you return to a site thats full of links looking for a specific one that you liked.</p>
<p><strike>I would think that it would be rather difficult to work out which the good one is because you can&#8217;t really read the text.</strike></p>
<p>Get the idea :&gt;</p>
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		<title>By: Jermayn Parker</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98547</link>
		<dc:creator>Jermayn Parker</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 07:25:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98547</guid>
		<description>Yeah I agree that visited links should be a different colour.

In regards to the strike through that Tanny mentioned, I agree that it can be a good idea. I have seen other methods like tick icons that do look ok. 

I think it all depends on the design on which method you go with however.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yeah I agree that visited links should be a different colour.</p>
<p>In regards to the strike through that Tanny mentioned, I agree that it can be a good idea. I have seen other methods like tick icons that do look ok. </p>
<p>I think it all depends on the design on which method you go with however.</p>
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		<title>By: Andy</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98545</link>
		<dc:creator>Andy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 07:18:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98545</guid>
		<description>The visited links on Google are priceless. I use them all the time when I can't remember where I've been and when I forgot to bookmark the site. 

I believe Jakob Nielsens studies in this field has proven that there is a usability gain in having visited links turn up in another fashion.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The visited links on Google are priceless. I use them all the time when I can&#8217;t remember where I&#8217;ve been and when I forgot to bookmark the site. </p>
<p>I believe Jakob Nielsens studies in this field has proven that there is a usability gain in having visited links turn up in another fashion.</p>
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		<title>By: Tommy Olsson</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98510</link>
		<dc:creator>Tommy Olsson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 05:45:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98510</guid>
		<description>For most sites, I think it's an important usability feature to change the colour of visited links. At least for links embedded within the copy text; for links in a navigation menu that appears on every page it might be better to keep the same colour.

On forums like SitePoint, where there are hundreds of new threads every day, I find it absolutely invaluable to be able to see which ones I've looked at.

The research I've seen on this subject indicates that most users find it helpful to see which links they've already visited. Elderly users and people with minor cognitive disabilities are two of the groups who can benefit most from this.

If you're worried about the colour scheme, you can use a less saturated nuance of the unvisited link colour, as long as the contrast to the background remains sufficient.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For most sites, I think it&#8217;s an important usability feature to change the colour of visited links. At least for links embedded within the copy text; for links in a navigation menu that appears on every page it might be better to keep the same colour.</p>
<p>On forums like SitePoint, where there are hundreds of new threads every day, I find it absolutely invaluable to be able to see which ones I&#8217;ve looked at.</p>
<p>The research I&#8217;ve seen on this subject indicates that most users find it helpful to see which links they&#8217;ve already visited. Elderly users and people with minor cognitive disabilities are two of the groups who can benefit most from this.</p>
<p>If you&#8217;re worried about the colour scheme, you can use a less saturated nuance of the unvisited link colour, as long as the contrast to the background remains sufficient.</p>
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		<title>By: Aaron Schmidt</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98459</link>
		<dc:creator>Aaron Schmidt</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 02:04:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98459</guid>
		<description>I find different coloring of visited links only to be useful in the "&lt;b&gt;list of links&lt;/b&gt;" setting. This applies especially when the link content is not easy to remember, say a list of 100 fonts linking to a preview of each font - the font names are not easy to remember so being able to visually differentiate which ones I've already previewed is useful.

For general links on a site (navigation, footer, add comment, etc) I would agree that adding another color for visited state only causes confusion. I tend to avoid changing link color (or link style) for any reason within main content areas (except on hover, of course). This consistency helps to reinforce to users that text in this color (e.g. red) and with this style (e.g. underline) has an additional action associated with it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I find different coloring of visited links only to be useful in the &#8220;<b>list of links</b>&#8221; setting. This applies especially when the link content is not easy to remember, say a list of 100 fonts linking to a preview of each font - the font names are not easy to remember so being able to visually differentiate which ones I&#8217;ve already previewed is useful.</p>
<p>For general links on a site (navigation, footer, add comment, etc) I would agree that adding another color for visited state only causes confusion. I tend to avoid changing link color (or link style) for any reason within main content areas (except on hover, of course). This consistency helps to reinforce to users that text in this color (e.g. red) and with this style (e.g. underline) has an additional action associated with it.</p>
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		<title>By: Tanny O'Haley</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98428</link>
		<dc:creator>Tanny O'Haley</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Sep 2007 00:19:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98428</guid>
		<description>I think it depends on the context of the link. If the content of the link doesn't change like a blog entry (not talking about comments here but content), then a visual indicator helps me to not revisit the link. I've also had the same problem you've had with Google.

Instead of a different color, have you thought about strike through? The first time I saw it at &lt;a href="http://www.csszengarden.com/?cssfile=014/014.css" title="Samuraai Design" rel="nofollow"&gt;CSS Zen Garden (Samuraai)&lt;/a&gt; it really made sense. Of course that's in the context of &lt;a href="http://www.csszengarden.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;CSS Zen Garden&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think it depends on the context of the link. If the content of the link doesn&#8217;t change like a blog entry (not talking about comments here but content), then a visual indicator helps me to not revisit the link. I&#8217;ve also had the same problem you&#8217;ve had with Google.</p>
<p>Instead of a different color, have you thought about strike through? The first time I saw it at <a href="http://www.csszengarden.com/?cssfile=014/014.css" title="Samuraai Design" rel="nofollow"><acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> Zen Garden (Samuraai)</a> it really made sense. Of course that&#8217;s in the context of <a href="http://www.csszengarden.com/" rel="nofollow"><acronym title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</acronym> Zen Garden</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: Steven Clark</title>
		<link>http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98404</link>
		<dc:creator>Steven Clark</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Sep 2007 22:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.robertnyman.com/2007/09/04/the-coloring-of-visited-links/#comment-98404</guid>
		<description>Robert, I think from a usability perspective different coloured visited links would be more usable than not as a general rule, although context would have a great deal to do with the answer.

I particularly find them useful when someone has a long list of resources - say 20 presentations on web standards or something - and I am going through them either systematically or in an ad-hoc way. If the list is not displayed in that way it gets very difficult to not miss and sometimes repeat links when I'm visiting them and returning to the list.

I have to admit on my site I don't use visited but I have on some clients sites in the past to reasonable effect from a usability standpoint.

I see your point about the design factor but its also a common view on why they can't provide skip links visually... so I don't know. I think a lot of it comes down to  context and judgement call on the specific project. Also, I've tended to say to myself it is one of those things which can so easily be tweaked - if it is identified as an issue then its a 10 second find and fixer. So sometimes it just never eventuated as being identified.

If I were visiting a large government site like a Business Access Point - mmm definately give me visited links. The circularity of some larger government / corporate sites makes me hit red within about 3 - 4 pages when the cycle starts. Australian Bureau of Statistics might think of using them (my recent experience). But maybe its their IA that is confusing me too.

Accessibility? While displaying information using colour alone is not good I think they do enhance the accessibility of a page (or some pages) for some users perhaps.

So they're worth looking at using. I'd recommend using them but with the caveat that it really depends on the information on your site (and feedback). For example although blogs have lists of archive by month I rarely troll them one by one myself, and articles may only have one or two links.

Just my 2 cents worth I guess.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Robert, I think from a usability perspective different coloured visited links would be more usable than not as a general rule, although context would have a great deal to do with the answer.</p>
<p>I particularly find them useful when someone has a long list of resources - say 20 presentations on web standards or something - and I am going through them either systematically or in an ad-hoc way. If the list is not displayed in that way it gets very difficult to not miss and sometimes repeat links when I&#8217;m visiting them and returning to the list.</p>
<p>I have to admit on my site I don&#8217;t use visited but I have on some clients sites in the past to reasonable effect from a usability standpoint.</p>
<p>I see your point about the design factor but its also a common view on why they can&#8217;t provide skip links visually&#8230; so I don&#8217;t know. I think a lot of it comes down to  context and judgement call on the specific project. Also, I&#8217;ve tended to say to myself it is one of those things which can so easily be tweaked - if it is identified as an issue then its a 10 second find and fixer. So sometimes it just never eventuated as being identified.</p>
<p>If I were visiting a large government site like a Business Access Point - mmm definately give me visited links. The circularity of some larger government / corporate sites makes me hit red within about 3 - 4 pages when the cycle starts. Australian Bureau of Statistics might think of using them (my recent experience). But maybe its their IA that is confusing me too.</p>
<p>Accessibility? While displaying information using colour alone is not good I think they do enhance the accessibility of a page (or some pages) for some users perhaps.</p>
<p>So they&#8217;re worth looking at using. I&#8217;d recommend using them but with the caveat that it really depends on the information on your site (and feedback). For example although blogs have lists of archive by month I rarely troll them one by one myself, and articles may only have one or two links.</p>
<p>Just my 2 cents worth I guess.</p>
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